Microwave holography infrared holography ultraviolet holography xrayholography electron holography acoustic holography lightinflightholography polarization holography conoscopic holography pseudodeep holograms digital holography conclusion references appendix 1 the mathematical background to holography formation of a hologram reconstruction. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students. Fullcolor, threedimensional images of objects under incoherent illumination are obtained by a digital holography technique. When a hologram is made, a coherent beam of light is divided so that one beam the reference beam falls directly onto a piece of photographic lm and another beam the object beam is formed from the light that is scattered by an object and falls onto the same piece of lm. How holography began references 20 16 light sources for holography 21 propagation on electromagnetic waves 22 oscillators 24 properties of light sources 24 atoms and energy 26 stimulated emission 27 the threelevel laser 28 qswitching 31 ruby lasers for holography 32 the fourlevel laser 32 mirrors and windows in cw lasers 33. Being different from standard digital hologram acquisition methods that are based on a twodimensional camera with restricted capturing area and highly limited spatial resolution, osh is capable of acquiring. Contents 1 introduction 2 2 the development of optical holography 4. Use of lasers in holography cvi melles griot by dinesh padiyar, triple take holographics introduction holography was invented in 1948 by dennis gabor purely as a research tool.
A moving object can be made to appear to be at rest when a hologram is produced with the extremely rapid and highintensity flash of a pulsed ruby laser. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. Pdf important performance parameters when considering lasers. Three holograms are recorded sequentially, each for a different phase factor of the doe.
Spatial, temporal and spectral characteristics of laser. Holography basic principles and contemporary applications is a collection of fifteen chapters, describing the basic principles of holography and some recent innovative developments in the field. Pdf holographic laser projection is high efficiency when using analogue phase spatial light modulators and high brightness laser sources. Fully tested to meet the critical specifications required for holography. Optical holography deals with the use of optical holography to solve technical problems, with emphasis on the properties of holograms formed with visible light. Feb 23, 2011 using digital holography we can record a scene in a complex valued data structure which retains some of the scenes 3d information. Polarization holography has many unique properties compared with conventional holography, such as high ef. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is. The release of graham saxbys third edition of practical holography shows how well the author understands what people need from a complete book on holography. Holography basic principles and contemporary applications. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. Chapter 23 holography and holographic instruments lloyd huf f research institute uni y ersity of dayton dayton, ohio 2 3.
A standard image obtained with a camera records a 2d focused image of the scene from one perspective. As explained earlier the aim of this work is also the same, which is to devise a. The techniques and principles of holography have been modi. Abstractthis research papers examines the new technology of holographic projections. Pdf the recent surge in interest in holographic techniques and.
Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. This is a comprehensive book on the fundamental aspects of lasers and holography. The publication first ponders on holograms as wave patterns, coherence, and lasers. If scatterers are arranged symmetrically with a separation d, these spherical waves will be in synch add constructively only in directions where their pathlength. Holography modern physics lab, ucsd department of physics written by michael pollack theory. Creating your own illusion lab manual sarah honorowski 01, shialing kwa 01 and shane smith 02. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns. I describe its historical development, its basic principles and some examples of its practical application in optical systems. Lasers and holography world scientific publishing company. Nobel prize winner dennis gabor, holographys inventor, saw the film after it was made and said it was the. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a.
Basics of holography basics of holography is an introduction to the subject written by a leading worker in the. Pdf holography is the science of making holograms which are usually intended for displaying three dimensional images. Pdf holographic projection based on tapered lasers and nematic. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. Lasers and holography prakash chandra mehta, dr v v rampal. Gabor was interested in a way of increasing the magnification of electron microscopes and hit upon the idea of. Polarization holography current research into holography is concerned with applications in optically storing, retrieving, and processing information.
Light is reflected from a 3d object, propagates through a diffractive optical element doe, and is recorded by a digital camera. It highlights the importance and need of this technology and how it represents the new wave in the future of technology and communications, the different application. What is recorded the light intensity at the plane of. Though holography is simple enough for a novice to do in his or her basement, there are still a great number of factors in the process that can ruin the holograms. Practical aspects of holography are then described, including light sources, the characteristics of recording media and recording materials, as well as. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. Basics of holography is a general introduction to the subject written by a leading worker in the field. Figure \\pageindex2\ shows one method of producing a hologram. The authors establish a synthetic state of the art of important advances in the field of digital holography. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 4296 times.
The three holograms are superposed in the computer, such that the result is a complex. Engineering applications of lasers and holography springerlink. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. Holography 1 background the word hologram was coined from the greek word \holos which means whole, because the recorded hologram contains all the information of the image eld. Covers the basics of frozen fringe, live fringe and time averaged holography is simple geometries. Lasers for holography, slm, laser performance, laser. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. With an adjustable collimating lens, this 4mw holography diode laser makes it easy to make holograms up to 4x5 102x127mm in size. Optical holography is a method for storage and displaying a threedimensional image of an object. It represents a selfcontained treatment of the basic and stateoftheart topics on the two subjects in a single volume. Holography holography mathematics proposed by dennis gabor 1948. Elsmz prepared by elsum consultants atherton, calif. Applications of diffraction xray crystalography the incoming beam coming from upper left causes each scatterer to reradiate a small portion of its energy as a spherical wave. Lasers and holography prakash chandra mehta, dr v v.
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Mechanism of holography, laser uses in medicine, computers. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. Using digital holography we can record a scene in a complex valued data structure which retains some of the scenes 3d information. Modern optics t h e i t y o f e d i n b u r g h topic 9. An introduction to coherent optics focuses on the processes, methodologies, and techniques involved in optics, including wave diffraction and patterns, zone plates, holograms, and diffraction. Marshan space flight center national aeronautics and space administration l washington, di c.
An introduction to coherent optics focuses on the processes, methodologies, and techniques involved in. Topics covered include the fourier transform, propagation and diffraction, pulsedlaser holography, and optical systems with spherical lenses. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying threedimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. Holography holography mathematics proposed by dennis. Full color natural light holographic camera myung k.
The book covers the latest technological and scientific developments and major advances that have taken place in the last decade and includes recent applications in medicine, information. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but whichwhen illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beamorganizes the light. How holography goes about recording phase information on a medium insensitive to phase is with the use of two separate beams one is the usual beam associated with the image to be recorded and the other is a completely separate beam known as the reference beam and exploiting the interference. Unlike a photograph, which records the square of the electric eld, a hologram contains both the amplitude and phase information from the image. Lasers provide an intense source of highly coherent light and therefore are used almost universally in optical holography. Now, a halfcentury before gabor, the french scientist, gabriel lippmann, had proposed recording photo graphically a lightwave interference. Lasers for holography the production of high quality holographic images has always relied on lasers with long coherence length and single mode properties in order to achieve stable interference for the entire exposure time. The theory behind holography is rather straightforward and based on the fact that information recorded in the emulsion of photographic or holographic film is caused by the intensity, not the phase, of the electromagnetic wave incident on the film. This film examines the process of holography, types of holograms, and the uses of the hologram for artistic and scientific purposes, as demonstrated by tung h. Lti is the world leader in industrial laser shearography and holography ndt services and equipment for the aerospace, military, aircraft, automotive and marine industries.
He takes the reader through what a hologram is, the history of holography, what sort of light sources can be used to make a hologram, what kinds have been made to date and so on through to. We present a new method for recording digital holograms under incoherent illumination. A holographic image can be seen looking into an illuminated holographic print by shining a laser through a hologram and. Holography is the process of producing holograms and, although they are recorded on photographic film, the process is quite different from normal photography. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying three dimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. Mar 14, 2002 basics of holography is a general introduction to the subject written by a leading worker in the field. Physics mcq, class xii, cbse notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Clear explanations of natural written and spoken english. It begins with the theory of holographic imaging, the characteristics of the reconstructed image, and the various types of holograms. Holography uses light interference or wave optics, whereas normal photography uses geometric optics. The duration of such a pulse can be less than 110,000,000 of a second. Optical scanning holography osh is a technique that employs a singlepixel sensor to capture the hologram of a threedimensional object through a sequential rowbyrow scanning process. This book is devoted to special techniques in digital holography. The production of high quality holographic images has always relied on lasers with long coherence length and single mode properties in order to achieve stable interference for the entire exposure time.
The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Holography meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Analogue holography is based on creating a 3d image representation of an object onto a 2d holographic plate by recording the interference pattern that occurs. What is recorded the light intensity at the plane of the photographic recording film, with the. In combination with the new sensitive emulsions and the fact that wavelength tailored leds can be used to illuminate the hologram to achieve utmost clarity and almost lifelike replications, white light holography has received intense interest. Jeong lake forest college lake forest, illinois holography is a much broader field than most people have perceived. The used rays in holography must be coherent to obtain interference model and this can be achieved only by using laser, using lasers many images can be stored on hologram and 3d images of moving bodies can also be obtained. Lasers for holography the production of high quality holographic images has always relied on lasers with long coherence length and single mode properties in order. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is given, including quantitative phase microscopy. A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to reproduce a threedimensional light field, resulting in an image which retains the depth, parallax, and other properties of the original scene. Furst, np discovered by the hungarian dennis gabor in 1948, holography is based on the concept of interference. A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than an image formed by a lens. Lasers for holography cobolt high performance lasers. The first, understanding holography, presents the principles of hologram recording illustrated with practical examples.
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